FACTS OF WHAT YOUR DOG/PUPPY OR CAT/KITTEN NEED TO STAY HEALTHY!
Canine Vaccines:
Rabies: An acute viral disease of the central nervous system-often can be fatal. This vaccine is required by law to have.
Given in 1 year or 3 year series. Your animal must receive a 1 year Rabies vaccine prior to receiving a 3 years rabies.
DHPP OR DHLPP IS A TERM KNOWN TO A VET OR VET TECHNICIAN, THAT IS ALSO CALLED A DISTEMPER VACCINE. WHICH HAS THE FOLLOWING VACCINES IN THE SHOT: (THIS VACCINE SHOULD BE GIVEN YEARLY!)
(D) Stands for Distemper, which is an airborne viral disease of the lungs, intestines and brain.
Canine distemper is a contagious and serious viral illness with no known cure. The disease affects dogs, and certain species of wildlife, such as raccoons, wolves, foxes, and skunks. The common house pet, the ferret, is also a carrier of this virus. Canine distemper belongs to the Morbillivirus class of viruses, and is a relative of the measles virus, which affects humans, the Rinderpest virus that affects cattle, and thePhocine virus that causes seal distemper. All are members of the Paramyxoviridaefamily. Young, unvaccinated puppies and non-immunized older dogs tend to be more susceptible to the disease.
(H) Stands for Hepatitis, which is a viral disease of the liver.
Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva of infected dogs is the main route of infection. Recovered dogs shed virus in their urine for ≥6 mo. Initial infection occurs in the tonsillar crypts and Peyer patches, followed by viremia and disseminated infection. Vascular endothelial cells are the primary target, with hepatic and renal parenchyma, spleen, and lungs becoming infected as well. Chronic kidney lesions and corneal clouding (“blue eye”) result from immune-complex reactions after recovery from acute or subclinical disease.
(P) Stands for Parainfluenza, which is infectious Bronchitis
The parainfluenza virus is often referred to by other names, such as canine influenza virus, greyhound disease and race flu. This virus used to affect only horses and is believed to have adapted to become contagious to dogs as well. Currently, no other species are at risk of this particular strain of the virus. Parainfluenza virus is easily spread from dog to dog and causes symptoms which may become fatal. The highest instances of this respiratory infection are seen in areas with high dog populations, such as race tracks, boarding kennels and pet stores, but it remains highly contagious to any dog of any age. Symptoms of parainfluenza virus include many general symptoms seen in other infections, viruses and diseases. Symptoms can vary in intensity and commonly affect younger puppies and aging dogs the worst. This virus is commonly mistaken for kennel cough, as the symptoms between the two are similar. It's important to keep in mind that kennel cough usually produces no additional symptoms, other than the cough. Symptoms to look for when parainfluenza virus is suspected are as follows:Dry or hacking cough that may worsen with activity, Fever, Difficulty with breathing, wheezing, Runny nose. Sneezing, Runny eyes, eye inflammation or conjunctivitis, Possible pneumonia with depression, loss of appetite and lethargy
(P) Stands for Parvovirus, which is a viral disease of the intestines.
Highly contagious and deadly disease that affects mainly puppies, however also can affect adult dogs that have not been vaccinated properly. The virus can be cared on clothing and shoes and transferred into your home by you. Some animals can have the virus with no symptoms before and after they are sick with the virus, shedding the disease to carry from one animal to another, even by a person on their clothing. We see and get 100's of calls a year on animals needing help for this disease.
(L) Stands for Leptospirosis, which is a bacterial disease of the urinary tract.
Most animals can get this from rats in the yard or around their food, or from stagnant water. Leptospirosis can be transmitted to humans if in contact with the animal and their food or water dishes. It will affect the kidney's and liver of the animal and they will eventually die from the disease. A common sign of Leptospirosis is a yellowing color to the animals body, gums and whites of the eyes.
**PLEASE NOTE: A Leptospirosis vaccine is given separately and is know as a DHLPP when included in the distemper vaccine. Leptospirosis vaccines can cause an adverse reaction to small breed dogs sometimes, which is why it isn't included in the overall serious of the distemper vaccine. You must ask for it to be included if you opt to get this vaccine. Please ask your veterinarian as to how you can avoid an adverse reaction if you would like your small breed pet to get this vaccine. Normally the vet will recommend a dose of Benadryl 2 hours prior to administering the vaccine and again 2 hours after the Leptospirosis vaccine is given.**
Other Canine Vaccines:
Corona: A viral disease of the intestines (optional)
Bordetella: A bacterial infection of the upper respiratory system also known as Kennel Cough.
This is like a common cold to humans, however can become deadly if goes untreated and turns into further complications in the lungs. The vaccine prevents 18 or so strains out of hundreds of strains of the virus and your dog doesn't have to be boarded to get this disease. (optional) Highly recommended for dogs that are kenneled frequently and should be given every six months if kenneled often with groups of other dogs.
Lime: A vaccine given to avoid tick born illnesses that could potentially kill your pet if bitten by a tick. (optional) (SEE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT TICK BORNE ILLNESSES UNDER MONTHLY PREVENTATIVES)
Canine influenza: is an important respiratory disease for socially active dogs. CIV H3N2 just recently emerged in the Chicago outbreak of 2015. This virus is of avian origin and not related to the earlier CIV H3N8 virus, which is of equine origin. Therefore, dogs at risk should be vaccinated against both viruses. In 2016 Michigan also had cases of the CiV H3N2 therefore we highly advise this vaccine be given every spring now due to the higher amount of cases being seen. (optional)
Order of the vaccine series for puppy vaccines, deworming and preventatives:
Deworm puppy with strongid at approximately 4 weeks of age
1st series DHPP and 2nd strongid for deworming at 6 weeks of age
(Plus start preventatives monthly. This should include Flea and Tick as well as Heartworm preventatives)
2nd series DHPP, stool sample check at 8 weeks of age (if stool sample comes back with other parasites besides round worm, other medications besides a strongid medication may be necessary)
***First two vaccines for puppies at 6 & 8 weeks are parvo and distemper prevention since this is most common diseases in puppies.****
3rd series DHLPP, Corona, Lyme and Bordetella at 10 weeks of age
4th series DHLPP, Corona, and Lyme at 13 weeks of age
5th series DHPP and Rabies (1 year) at 16 weeks of age
Canine Flu vaccines are normally offered in the spring and fall of each year and are being given more frequently now that the canine flu is affecting more and more animals each year, some leading to death of the animal.
ALL VACCINES CANNOT BE ADMINISTERED PRIOR TO 2 WEEKS APART OR WAIT LONGER THAN 4 WEEKS APART.
At 6+ Months of age your dog should be tested for Heartworm disease. If on preventative monthly, should test negative. You must test your dog yearly in order to get your prescription for your Heartworm preventative medications. The manufactures of heartworm preventatives will not back their product and pay for treatment if you cannot provide proof of yearly testing and the purchase of your preventatives each year, so keep your records!
Adult Canine Vaccines done annually:
DHLPP (Distemper may be a 3 year vaccine)
Rabies (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
Bordetella (May need to be given every 6 months if your dog goes to boarding, daycare or grooming)
Lyme (If needed)
Influenza (If needed, most boarding, daycare and grooming facilities will require)
Feline Vaccines:
Rabies: An acute viral disease of the central nervous system-often can be fatal. This vaccine is required by law to have.
Given in 1 year or 3 year series. Your animal must receive a 1 year Rabies vaccine prior to receiving a 3 years rabies.
RCP - (Distemper) Vaccine that covers viruses and bacteria responsible for upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
FELV - (Feline Leukemia) Feline leukemia is a retrovirus that causes suppression of the immune system, impairing a cat's ability to fight infections. It may also cause anemia, leukemia and some forms of cancer. It is a contagious disease spread from cat to cat by blood and saliva. The most common method of spread is by bite wounds.
Order of the vaccine series for kitten vaccines, deworming and preventatives:
1st series: RCP and dewormer and stool sample check at 8 weeks of age
2nd series: RCP, FELV, and 2nd dewormer at 12 weeks of age
3rd series: RCP, FELV, and Rabies at 16 weeks of age
ALL KITTEN VACCINES SETS ARE TO BE ADMINISTERED NO SOONER THAN 2 WEEKS- NO LATER THAN 4 WEEKS APART
7-9 MONTHS: FIRST HEARTWORM TEST (OPTIONAL)
Adult Feline Vaccines done annually:
RCP (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
FELV (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
Rabies (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
HEARTWORM TEST…..OPTIONAL
Heartworm Prevention
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW ABOUT THE # 1 KILLER OF MOST DOGS, AND THAT IS HEART WORM DISEASE! THE SILENT KILLER!
Did you know that just one mosquito bite could harm your dog if not on heartworm preventative?
Heartworm is given to the dog through a mosquito bite, the mosquito implants the parasite into the blood stream.
The definition of heartworm in medical terms:
Heartworm disease or dirofilariasis is a serious and potentially fatal disease. It is caused by a blood-borne parasite known as Dirofilaria immitis. Adult heartworms are found in the heart and adjacent large blood vessels of infected dogs. Rarely, worms may be found in other parts of the circulatory system.
GIVING HEARTWORM PREVENTATIVE MONTHLY WILL NOT ONLY SAVE YOUR DOG, IT IS CHEAPER TO PREVENT THAN IT IS TO TRY AND TREAT IT! Heartworm preventative should start as soon as your puppy has its first serious of vaccines.
If your dog should be infected with heartworm when you test it, please speak to your veterinarian about low cost ways to treat the disease other than costly injections. Our organization uses what we call the "slow kill" method of treatment when we get animals in rescue with the disease or assist our outreach clients who's dog may have it. We treat by pre-treating with Doxicycline and give them two heartguard per month for 10 months under close monitoring of our veterinarian. So far most all have tested negative after ten months of treatment. This is a more cost effective way to treat and much safer for the animal then injections. Again, please consult your veterinarian or more than one veterinarian to know the best course of treatment since there are different moderation of the amount of infection for this disease as well as how much the disease has affected the heart. Many veterinarians still believe in using the injections as the only course of action to treat. However, since this is a newer method of treatment, it is more likely most vets have not used this method of slow kill and have not seen enough positive results in using this way to treat. Again, we ask you consult with a veterinarian for advise as to the best course of treatment and advise your veterinarian if the injection method is to costly for you and other methods of treatment that will cure your animal of heartworm, in the most cost effective way.
Flea & Tick Prevention
Fleas not only cause a dog or cat to become anemic which can cause death, your animal could in fact be allergic to a flea bite. To avoid these complications it is important for your animal to get monthly flea medications. Tapeworm is given to a dog only by flea infestation and with cats as well. Cats will re-infest with tapeworm by another cat from bedding and grooming one another. If you dog or cat has had fleas, please consult your veterinarian on how to rid your animal from Tapeworm.
Ticks cause deadly tick born illnesses that also can be deadly over a period of time.
In addition to Lyme disease, ticks also carry ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis,Rocky Mountain spotted fever and others. There’s simply no way for pet owners to tell if a tick is carrying disease or not, and it only takes one tick bite to infect your dog. Also, some ticks are known to carry more than one of these diseases, which can lead to multiple infections, or coinfection. What’s common among all vector-borne disease, however, is that symptoms can be vague and difficult to recognize. Often many pet owners don’t know their dog is suffering from a debilitating tick disease until it’s too late.Humans and other non-canine family members can also become infected with the same tick-borne diseases as dogs. These cross-species diseases are known as zoonotic. So, if you live in an area with ticks or if you’ve ever found a tick on your dog, you should also be sure to check yourself and your family.Learn more about Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Hepatozoonosis, Babesiosis.
As with heartworm preventatives, it is cheaper to prevent then it is to treat for these illness caused by fleas and ticks, which is why it is imperative to give your animals flea and tick medication at least during months that are warmer in weather and above freezing outside. Fleas, once in your home take 8 months of treatment to rid them from your home due to egg hatching cycle and will live off of you and your pets while your home is being treated.
Intestinal Parasites
Roundworm
The large roundworms known as ascarids are common in dogs, especially in puppies. The most important species is Toxocara canis, not only because its larvae may migrate in people, but also because infections are common. Fatal infections may occasionally be seen in young pups. Toxascaris leonina is typically much less common and is generally seen in older dogs.
In puppies, infection with Toxocara canis usually occurs by transfer into the developing fetus through the placenta. The worms can be found in the intestines of the puppies as early as 1 week after birth. Pups may also be infected while nursing. If pups less than 3 months old eat the eggs that have been in the environment for at least 4 weeks, the eggs hatch, releasing larvae that penetrate the intestinal wall. The larvae migrate through the liver, reach the lungs via the bloodstream, are coughed up, swallowed, and mature to egg-producing adults in the small intestine. Many larvae will be carried by the bloodstream to other parts of the dog’s body and remain in the tissues of the dog for years in an inactive form. If immune system suppression occurs, these larvae can become active.
Normally, adult dogs have some resistance to infection. However, during the period around the birth of a litter, the immunity of the female dog to infection is partially suppressed, and the inactive larvae become active, crossing the placenta to the pups and sequestering in the mammary tissue, where they are transmitted in the colostrum and milk. Due to immune system suppression at the time of whelping, active infections may occur in the pregnant dog, with substantial numbers of eggs passed in the feces.
The first indication of infection in young animals is lack of growth and loss of condition. Infected animals have a dull coat and often appear “potbellied.” Worms may be vomited and are often passed in the feces. In the early stages, migrating larvae may cause pneumonia, which can be associated with coughing. Diarrhea with mucus may be evident. Infection in dogs and cats is diagnosed by detection of the roundworm eggs in feces using a microscope.
There are a number of compounds available for treating roundworm infections in dogs. Certain preventive programs for heartworm infection also control intestinal roundworm infections. Transmission of infection from mother to newborn can be greatly reduced by a program of antiparasitic drugs given during pregnancy and after the birth of a litter. Otherwise, the pups should be treated as early as possible. Ideally, treatment should be given 2 weeks after birth and repeated at 2- to 3‑week intervals to 2 months of age, then monthly to 6 months of age. Nursing dogs should be treated on the same schedule as their pups. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate medication for this infection.
Because people, especially children, can become infected with roundworms, it is important to practice good hygiene (e.g., prompt removal of feces and washing hands) in potentially contaminated areas or around affected dogs.
Hookworm
Several types of hookworms can cause disease in dogs. Ancylostoma caninum is the principal cause of canine hookworm disease in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Ancylostoma braziliense infects dogs and is sparsely distributed from Florida to North Carolina and along the Gulf Coast in the United States. It is also found in Central and South America and Africa. Uncinaria stenocephala is the principal canine hookworm in cooler regions. It is the primary canine hookworm in Canada and the northern fringe of the United States, but it is found with frequency across the country.
Hookworm eggs are first passed in the feces 15 to 20 days after infection. They hatch in 1 to 3 days when deposited on warm, moist soil. Transmission may result when larvae are ingested or, in the case of A. caninum, from the colostrum or milk of infected dogs. Infections with Ancylostoma species can also result from larval invasion through the skin. Skin penetration in young pups is followed by migration of the larvae through the blood to the lungs, where they are coughed up and swallowed to mature in the small intestine. However, in animals more than 3 months old, larvae may remain in the body tissues in a state of arrested development. These larvae are activated after removal of adult worms from the intestine or during pregnancy, when they accumulate in the small intestine or mammary glands of the mother.
Anemia in young puppies is the characteristic, and often fatal, sign of Ancylostoma caninum hookworm infection. The anemia is the result of the bloodsucking and the bleeding internal wounds that occur when these hookworms shift their internal feeding sites in the small intestine, leaving open wounds in their wake. Surviving puppies develop some immunity and show less severe signs. Nevertheless, malnourished and weakened animals may continue to grow poorly and suffer from longterm anemia. Mature, well-nourished dogs may harbor a few worms without showing signs; these dogs are often the direct or indirect source of infection for pups. Diarrhea with dark, tarry feces accompanies severe infections. Anemia, loss of appetite, weight loss, and weakness develop in longterm disease. Pneumonia may occur in pups with overwhelming infections, making breathing difficult.
Neither of the other common species of hookworms tends to cause anemia. However, blood fluid loss around the site of attachment in the intestine may reduce blood protein by greater than 10%. Dermatitis or inflammation of the skin (particularly in the spaces between the toes) due to larval invasion of the skin may be seen with Uncinaria stenocephala.
A diagnosis can often be made from the identification of hookworm eggs upon microscopic examination of fresh feces from infected dogs. Even though infections may be severe, eggs will not typically be seen on fecal examinations of pups prior to 16 days (the length of time needed for a new infection to produce eggs). Thus, severe anemia and death from infections acquired from nursing may be seen in young pups before eggs are passed in their feces. This can occur as early as 1 or 2 weeks of age.
A number of drugs and drug combinations are approved for treatment of hookworm infections. In addition, many heartworm medications also control certain species of hookworms. When anemia is severe, blood transfusion or supplemental iron may be needed, followed by a high-protein diet until the blood hemoglobin level is normal.
When newborn pups die from hookworm infection, subsequent litters from the same mother should be treated weekly for hookworms for about 12 weeks beginning at 2 weeks of age. In addition, your veterinarian may prescribe daily medication for pregnant dogs from day 40 of pregnancy to day 2 after whelping. This greatly reduces the transmission of the disease to the pups through nursing. Your veterinarian will prescribe the most appropriate medication program for your dog.
Female dogs should be free of hookworms before breeding and kept out of contaminated areas during pregnancy. Housing and bedding for pregnant and nursing dogs must be sanitary and cleaned regularly. Consult your veterinarian about any special disinfectants to add to cleaning solutions or laundry water. For outside activities, concrete runways that can be washed at least twice a week in warm weather are best. Sunlit clay or sandy runways can be decontaminated with sodium borate.
Whipworm
Adult whipworms (Trichuris vulpis) in dogs are typically found in the colon and cecum, a part of the large intestine. They attach themselves firmly to the intestinal wall. Eggs are passed in the feces and become infective in about 4 to 8 weeks. Under ideal conditions, whipworm eggs can remain dormant in the environment for several years, unless they become dried out. Once infective eggs are ingested, larvae develop in the small intestine and then move to the cecum and colon, where the adults mature.
No signs are seen in light infections, but as the number of worms increases the cecum and colon can become inflamed, which can cause diarrhea and weight loss. Fresh blood might be seen in the feces in heavy infections and anemia may also result.
Because whipworm eggs take a month to become infective, whipworms can be controlled with good sanitation. Prompt removal and proper disposal of feces is critical. Whipworms are susceptible to drying; therefore, keeping the dog in an environment that is clean and dry reduces the risk of infection considerably. For this reason, kenneled dogs should be maintained on concrete slabs, and never on dirt. A variety of medications—including some monthly drugs that prevent infections with other parasites like heartworms—are available for treating whipworm infections. Your veterinarian will choose one that is appropriate for your dog.
Tapeworm
Several types of tapeworms—properly known as cestodes—may infect dogs. Adult tapeworms are segmented worms found in the intestines of dogs. They rarely cause serious disease.
Most urban dogs eat prepared foods and have restricted access to natural prey. These dogs may acquire Dipylidium caninum (the common tapeworm of dogs and cats) from eating fleas. Suburban, rural, and hunting dogs have more access to various small mammals, in addition to raw meat and offal from large mammals. The possibility of exposure to a number of different tapeworm species can be expected in such dogs and typically are Taenia species or Echinococcus granulosus. Other species of tapeworms that may infect dogs include Spirometra mansonoides and Diphyllobothrium and Mesocestoides species.
Signs of infection vary from a failure to digest and absorb food normally, malaise, irritability, variable appetite, and shaggy coat to colic and mild diarrhea. There may be no signs in mild cases. In rare cases, telescoping of the intestine (intussusception), emaciation, and seizures are seen. Diagnosis is based on finding tapeworm segments or eggs in the feces or stuck to the hair around the anus.
Control of tapeworms requires both treatment and prevention. Even confined dogs can contract Dipylidium caninum because it can cycle through fleas. Thus, flea control is the critical preventive step even for indoor dogs. Animals that roam freely usually become reinfected by eating dead or prey animals. Preventing such feeding will limit exposure to other tapeworm species. An accurate diagnosis will enable the veterinarian to provide effective advice on treating the infection and preventing reinfection.
Giardia
Giardiasis (Giardia) is an intestinal infection with the protozoan flagellate parasite Giardia spp. Most infections of veterinary health importance are by G duodenal, a species complex of different genotypes that tend to show host specificity; production animals, companion animals and wildlife can all be infected. In general, the clinical signs of giardiasis are abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, often steatorrhea. Diagnosis is usually by demonstration of cysts or antigens in fecal samples. Treatment regimens are variable and depend on specific indications. Hygiene measures are an essential component of control.
Coccidia
Coccidia are single-celled obligate intracellular protozoan parasites in the class Conoidasida with the phylum Apicomplexa. The main clinical sign of coccidia is diarrhea. It can be identified in fecal samples and antiprotozoal treatment can shorten the length of illness, decrease discharge of oocysts, alleviate clinical signs and reduce likelihood of secondary infections and death.
Deworming
Deworming your dog as a puppy is very important since these parasites can take away from your animals nutritional needs as well as cause diarrhea and blood in the stools. Deworming process should start as early as 4 weeks of age with Strongid. A second Strongid should be given again at 6 weeks of age. If your dog has never been checked for intestinal parasites a stool sample should be taken to your vet and appropriate treatment plan should be administered. Your veterinarian will call you with additional medications to give depending on the types of parasites found in your puppy/dog or cat/kitten. Keeping your animal on heartworm preventative will help avoid your dog from getting re-infected from intestinal parasites. Tapeworm is given to a dog only by flea infestation and with cats as well. Cats will re-infest with tapeworm by another cat from bedding and grooming one another. If you dog or cat has had fleas, please consult your veterinarian on how to rid your animal from Tapeworm.
Rabies: An acute viral disease of the central nervous system-often can be fatal. This vaccine is required by law to have.
Given in 1 year or 3 year series. Your animal must receive a 1 year Rabies vaccine prior to receiving a 3 years rabies.
DHPP OR DHLPP IS A TERM KNOWN TO A VET OR VET TECHNICIAN, THAT IS ALSO CALLED A DISTEMPER VACCINE. WHICH HAS THE FOLLOWING VACCINES IN THE SHOT: (THIS VACCINE SHOULD BE GIVEN YEARLY!)
(D) Stands for Distemper, which is an airborne viral disease of the lungs, intestines and brain.
Canine distemper is a contagious and serious viral illness with no known cure. The disease affects dogs, and certain species of wildlife, such as raccoons, wolves, foxes, and skunks. The common house pet, the ferret, is also a carrier of this virus. Canine distemper belongs to the Morbillivirus class of viruses, and is a relative of the measles virus, which affects humans, the Rinderpest virus that affects cattle, and thePhocine virus that causes seal distemper. All are members of the Paramyxoviridaefamily. Young, unvaccinated puppies and non-immunized older dogs tend to be more susceptible to the disease.
(H) Stands for Hepatitis, which is a viral disease of the liver.
Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva of infected dogs is the main route of infection. Recovered dogs shed virus in their urine for ≥6 mo. Initial infection occurs in the tonsillar crypts and Peyer patches, followed by viremia and disseminated infection. Vascular endothelial cells are the primary target, with hepatic and renal parenchyma, spleen, and lungs becoming infected as well. Chronic kidney lesions and corneal clouding (“blue eye”) result from immune-complex reactions after recovery from acute or subclinical disease.
(P) Stands for Parainfluenza, which is infectious Bronchitis
The parainfluenza virus is often referred to by other names, such as canine influenza virus, greyhound disease and race flu. This virus used to affect only horses and is believed to have adapted to become contagious to dogs as well. Currently, no other species are at risk of this particular strain of the virus. Parainfluenza virus is easily spread from dog to dog and causes symptoms which may become fatal. The highest instances of this respiratory infection are seen in areas with high dog populations, such as race tracks, boarding kennels and pet stores, but it remains highly contagious to any dog of any age. Symptoms of parainfluenza virus include many general symptoms seen in other infections, viruses and diseases. Symptoms can vary in intensity and commonly affect younger puppies and aging dogs the worst. This virus is commonly mistaken for kennel cough, as the symptoms between the two are similar. It's important to keep in mind that kennel cough usually produces no additional symptoms, other than the cough. Symptoms to look for when parainfluenza virus is suspected are as follows:Dry or hacking cough that may worsen with activity, Fever, Difficulty with breathing, wheezing, Runny nose. Sneezing, Runny eyes, eye inflammation or conjunctivitis, Possible pneumonia with depression, loss of appetite and lethargy
(P) Stands for Parvovirus, which is a viral disease of the intestines.
Highly contagious and deadly disease that affects mainly puppies, however also can affect adult dogs that have not been vaccinated properly. The virus can be cared on clothing and shoes and transferred into your home by you. Some animals can have the virus with no symptoms before and after they are sick with the virus, shedding the disease to carry from one animal to another, even by a person on their clothing. We see and get 100's of calls a year on animals needing help for this disease.
(L) Stands for Leptospirosis, which is a bacterial disease of the urinary tract.
Most animals can get this from rats in the yard or around their food, or from stagnant water. Leptospirosis can be transmitted to humans if in contact with the animal and their food or water dishes. It will affect the kidney's and liver of the animal and they will eventually die from the disease. A common sign of Leptospirosis is a yellowing color to the animals body, gums and whites of the eyes.
**PLEASE NOTE: A Leptospirosis vaccine is given separately and is know as a DHLPP when included in the distemper vaccine. Leptospirosis vaccines can cause an adverse reaction to small breed dogs sometimes, which is why it isn't included in the overall serious of the distemper vaccine. You must ask for it to be included if you opt to get this vaccine. Please ask your veterinarian as to how you can avoid an adverse reaction if you would like your small breed pet to get this vaccine. Normally the vet will recommend a dose of Benadryl 2 hours prior to administering the vaccine and again 2 hours after the Leptospirosis vaccine is given.**
Other Canine Vaccines:
Corona: A viral disease of the intestines (optional)
Bordetella: A bacterial infection of the upper respiratory system also known as Kennel Cough.
This is like a common cold to humans, however can become deadly if goes untreated and turns into further complications in the lungs. The vaccine prevents 18 or so strains out of hundreds of strains of the virus and your dog doesn't have to be boarded to get this disease. (optional) Highly recommended for dogs that are kenneled frequently and should be given every six months if kenneled often with groups of other dogs.
Lime: A vaccine given to avoid tick born illnesses that could potentially kill your pet if bitten by a tick. (optional) (SEE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT TICK BORNE ILLNESSES UNDER MONTHLY PREVENTATIVES)
Canine influenza: is an important respiratory disease for socially active dogs. CIV H3N2 just recently emerged in the Chicago outbreak of 2015. This virus is of avian origin and not related to the earlier CIV H3N8 virus, which is of equine origin. Therefore, dogs at risk should be vaccinated against both viruses. In 2016 Michigan also had cases of the CiV H3N2 therefore we highly advise this vaccine be given every spring now due to the higher amount of cases being seen. (optional)
Order of the vaccine series for puppy vaccines, deworming and preventatives:
Deworm puppy with strongid at approximately 4 weeks of age
1st series DHPP and 2nd strongid for deworming at 6 weeks of age
(Plus start preventatives monthly. This should include Flea and Tick as well as Heartworm preventatives)
2nd series DHPP, stool sample check at 8 weeks of age (if stool sample comes back with other parasites besides round worm, other medications besides a strongid medication may be necessary)
***First two vaccines for puppies at 6 & 8 weeks are parvo and distemper prevention since this is most common diseases in puppies.****
3rd series DHLPP, Corona, Lyme and Bordetella at 10 weeks of age
4th series DHLPP, Corona, and Lyme at 13 weeks of age
5th series DHPP and Rabies (1 year) at 16 weeks of age
Canine Flu vaccines are normally offered in the spring and fall of each year and are being given more frequently now that the canine flu is affecting more and more animals each year, some leading to death of the animal.
ALL VACCINES CANNOT BE ADMINISTERED PRIOR TO 2 WEEKS APART OR WAIT LONGER THAN 4 WEEKS APART.
At 6+ Months of age your dog should be tested for Heartworm disease. If on preventative monthly, should test negative. You must test your dog yearly in order to get your prescription for your Heartworm preventative medications. The manufactures of heartworm preventatives will not back their product and pay for treatment if you cannot provide proof of yearly testing and the purchase of your preventatives each year, so keep your records!
Adult Canine Vaccines done annually:
DHLPP (Distemper may be a 3 year vaccine)
Rabies (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
Bordetella (May need to be given every 6 months if your dog goes to boarding, daycare or grooming)
Lyme (If needed)
Influenza (If needed, most boarding, daycare and grooming facilities will require)
Feline Vaccines:
Rabies: An acute viral disease of the central nervous system-often can be fatal. This vaccine is required by law to have.
Given in 1 year or 3 year series. Your animal must receive a 1 year Rabies vaccine prior to receiving a 3 years rabies.
RCP - (Distemper) Vaccine that covers viruses and bacteria responsible for upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
FELV - (Feline Leukemia) Feline leukemia is a retrovirus that causes suppression of the immune system, impairing a cat's ability to fight infections. It may also cause anemia, leukemia and some forms of cancer. It is a contagious disease spread from cat to cat by blood and saliva. The most common method of spread is by bite wounds.
Order of the vaccine series for kitten vaccines, deworming and preventatives:
1st series: RCP and dewormer and stool sample check at 8 weeks of age
2nd series: RCP, FELV, and 2nd dewormer at 12 weeks of age
3rd series: RCP, FELV, and Rabies at 16 weeks of age
ALL KITTEN VACCINES SETS ARE TO BE ADMINISTERED NO SOONER THAN 2 WEEKS- NO LATER THAN 4 WEEKS APART
7-9 MONTHS: FIRST HEARTWORM TEST (OPTIONAL)
Adult Feline Vaccines done annually:
RCP (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
FELV (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
Rabies (Maybe a 3 year vaccine)
HEARTWORM TEST…..OPTIONAL
Heartworm Prevention
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW ABOUT THE # 1 KILLER OF MOST DOGS, AND THAT IS HEART WORM DISEASE! THE SILENT KILLER!
Did you know that just one mosquito bite could harm your dog if not on heartworm preventative?
Heartworm is given to the dog through a mosquito bite, the mosquito implants the parasite into the blood stream.
The definition of heartworm in medical terms:
Heartworm disease or dirofilariasis is a serious and potentially fatal disease. It is caused by a blood-borne parasite known as Dirofilaria immitis. Adult heartworms are found in the heart and adjacent large blood vessels of infected dogs. Rarely, worms may be found in other parts of the circulatory system.
GIVING HEARTWORM PREVENTATIVE MONTHLY WILL NOT ONLY SAVE YOUR DOG, IT IS CHEAPER TO PREVENT THAN IT IS TO TRY AND TREAT IT! Heartworm preventative should start as soon as your puppy has its first serious of vaccines.
If your dog should be infected with heartworm when you test it, please speak to your veterinarian about low cost ways to treat the disease other than costly injections. Our organization uses what we call the "slow kill" method of treatment when we get animals in rescue with the disease or assist our outreach clients who's dog may have it. We treat by pre-treating with Doxicycline and give them two heartguard per month for 10 months under close monitoring of our veterinarian. So far most all have tested negative after ten months of treatment. This is a more cost effective way to treat and much safer for the animal then injections. Again, please consult your veterinarian or more than one veterinarian to know the best course of treatment since there are different moderation of the amount of infection for this disease as well as how much the disease has affected the heart. Many veterinarians still believe in using the injections as the only course of action to treat. However, since this is a newer method of treatment, it is more likely most vets have not used this method of slow kill and have not seen enough positive results in using this way to treat. Again, we ask you consult with a veterinarian for advise as to the best course of treatment and advise your veterinarian if the injection method is to costly for you and other methods of treatment that will cure your animal of heartworm, in the most cost effective way.
Flea & Tick Prevention
Fleas not only cause a dog or cat to become anemic which can cause death, your animal could in fact be allergic to a flea bite. To avoid these complications it is important for your animal to get monthly flea medications. Tapeworm is given to a dog only by flea infestation and with cats as well. Cats will re-infest with tapeworm by another cat from bedding and grooming one another. If you dog or cat has had fleas, please consult your veterinarian on how to rid your animal from Tapeworm.
Ticks cause deadly tick born illnesses that also can be deadly over a period of time.
In addition to Lyme disease, ticks also carry ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis,Rocky Mountain spotted fever and others. There’s simply no way for pet owners to tell if a tick is carrying disease or not, and it only takes one tick bite to infect your dog. Also, some ticks are known to carry more than one of these diseases, which can lead to multiple infections, or coinfection. What’s common among all vector-borne disease, however, is that symptoms can be vague and difficult to recognize. Often many pet owners don’t know their dog is suffering from a debilitating tick disease until it’s too late.Humans and other non-canine family members can also become infected with the same tick-borne diseases as dogs. These cross-species diseases are known as zoonotic. So, if you live in an area with ticks or if you’ve ever found a tick on your dog, you should also be sure to check yourself and your family.Learn more about Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Hepatozoonosis, Babesiosis.
As with heartworm preventatives, it is cheaper to prevent then it is to treat for these illness caused by fleas and ticks, which is why it is imperative to give your animals flea and tick medication at least during months that are warmer in weather and above freezing outside. Fleas, once in your home take 8 months of treatment to rid them from your home due to egg hatching cycle and will live off of you and your pets while your home is being treated.
Intestinal Parasites
Roundworm
The large roundworms known as ascarids are common in dogs, especially in puppies. The most important species is Toxocara canis, not only because its larvae may migrate in people, but also because infections are common. Fatal infections may occasionally be seen in young pups. Toxascaris leonina is typically much less common and is generally seen in older dogs.
In puppies, infection with Toxocara canis usually occurs by transfer into the developing fetus through the placenta. The worms can be found in the intestines of the puppies as early as 1 week after birth. Pups may also be infected while nursing. If pups less than 3 months old eat the eggs that have been in the environment for at least 4 weeks, the eggs hatch, releasing larvae that penetrate the intestinal wall. The larvae migrate through the liver, reach the lungs via the bloodstream, are coughed up, swallowed, and mature to egg-producing adults in the small intestine. Many larvae will be carried by the bloodstream to other parts of the dog’s body and remain in the tissues of the dog for years in an inactive form. If immune system suppression occurs, these larvae can become active.
Normally, adult dogs have some resistance to infection. However, during the period around the birth of a litter, the immunity of the female dog to infection is partially suppressed, and the inactive larvae become active, crossing the placenta to the pups and sequestering in the mammary tissue, where they are transmitted in the colostrum and milk. Due to immune system suppression at the time of whelping, active infections may occur in the pregnant dog, with substantial numbers of eggs passed in the feces.
The first indication of infection in young animals is lack of growth and loss of condition. Infected animals have a dull coat and often appear “potbellied.” Worms may be vomited and are often passed in the feces. In the early stages, migrating larvae may cause pneumonia, which can be associated with coughing. Diarrhea with mucus may be evident. Infection in dogs and cats is diagnosed by detection of the roundworm eggs in feces using a microscope.
There are a number of compounds available for treating roundworm infections in dogs. Certain preventive programs for heartworm infection also control intestinal roundworm infections. Transmission of infection from mother to newborn can be greatly reduced by a program of antiparasitic drugs given during pregnancy and after the birth of a litter. Otherwise, the pups should be treated as early as possible. Ideally, treatment should be given 2 weeks after birth and repeated at 2- to 3‑week intervals to 2 months of age, then monthly to 6 months of age. Nursing dogs should be treated on the same schedule as their pups. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate medication for this infection.
Because people, especially children, can become infected with roundworms, it is important to practice good hygiene (e.g., prompt removal of feces and washing hands) in potentially contaminated areas or around affected dogs.
Hookworm
Several types of hookworms can cause disease in dogs. Ancylostoma caninum is the principal cause of canine hookworm disease in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Ancylostoma braziliense infects dogs and is sparsely distributed from Florida to North Carolina and along the Gulf Coast in the United States. It is also found in Central and South America and Africa. Uncinaria stenocephala is the principal canine hookworm in cooler regions. It is the primary canine hookworm in Canada and the northern fringe of the United States, but it is found with frequency across the country.
Hookworm eggs are first passed in the feces 15 to 20 days after infection. They hatch in 1 to 3 days when deposited on warm, moist soil. Transmission may result when larvae are ingested or, in the case of A. caninum, from the colostrum or milk of infected dogs. Infections with Ancylostoma species can also result from larval invasion through the skin. Skin penetration in young pups is followed by migration of the larvae through the blood to the lungs, where they are coughed up and swallowed to mature in the small intestine. However, in animals more than 3 months old, larvae may remain in the body tissues in a state of arrested development. These larvae are activated after removal of adult worms from the intestine or during pregnancy, when they accumulate in the small intestine or mammary glands of the mother.
Anemia in young puppies is the characteristic, and often fatal, sign of Ancylostoma caninum hookworm infection. The anemia is the result of the bloodsucking and the bleeding internal wounds that occur when these hookworms shift their internal feeding sites in the small intestine, leaving open wounds in their wake. Surviving puppies develop some immunity and show less severe signs. Nevertheless, malnourished and weakened animals may continue to grow poorly and suffer from longterm anemia. Mature, well-nourished dogs may harbor a few worms without showing signs; these dogs are often the direct or indirect source of infection for pups. Diarrhea with dark, tarry feces accompanies severe infections. Anemia, loss of appetite, weight loss, and weakness develop in longterm disease. Pneumonia may occur in pups with overwhelming infections, making breathing difficult.
Neither of the other common species of hookworms tends to cause anemia. However, blood fluid loss around the site of attachment in the intestine may reduce blood protein by greater than 10%. Dermatitis or inflammation of the skin (particularly in the spaces between the toes) due to larval invasion of the skin may be seen with Uncinaria stenocephala.
A diagnosis can often be made from the identification of hookworm eggs upon microscopic examination of fresh feces from infected dogs. Even though infections may be severe, eggs will not typically be seen on fecal examinations of pups prior to 16 days (the length of time needed for a new infection to produce eggs). Thus, severe anemia and death from infections acquired from nursing may be seen in young pups before eggs are passed in their feces. This can occur as early as 1 or 2 weeks of age.
A number of drugs and drug combinations are approved for treatment of hookworm infections. In addition, many heartworm medications also control certain species of hookworms. When anemia is severe, blood transfusion or supplemental iron may be needed, followed by a high-protein diet until the blood hemoglobin level is normal.
When newborn pups die from hookworm infection, subsequent litters from the same mother should be treated weekly for hookworms for about 12 weeks beginning at 2 weeks of age. In addition, your veterinarian may prescribe daily medication for pregnant dogs from day 40 of pregnancy to day 2 after whelping. This greatly reduces the transmission of the disease to the pups through nursing. Your veterinarian will prescribe the most appropriate medication program for your dog.
Female dogs should be free of hookworms before breeding and kept out of contaminated areas during pregnancy. Housing and bedding for pregnant and nursing dogs must be sanitary and cleaned regularly. Consult your veterinarian about any special disinfectants to add to cleaning solutions or laundry water. For outside activities, concrete runways that can be washed at least twice a week in warm weather are best. Sunlit clay or sandy runways can be decontaminated with sodium borate.
Whipworm
Adult whipworms (Trichuris vulpis) in dogs are typically found in the colon and cecum, a part of the large intestine. They attach themselves firmly to the intestinal wall. Eggs are passed in the feces and become infective in about 4 to 8 weeks. Under ideal conditions, whipworm eggs can remain dormant in the environment for several years, unless they become dried out. Once infective eggs are ingested, larvae develop in the small intestine and then move to the cecum and colon, where the adults mature.
No signs are seen in light infections, but as the number of worms increases the cecum and colon can become inflamed, which can cause diarrhea and weight loss. Fresh blood might be seen in the feces in heavy infections and anemia may also result.
Because whipworm eggs take a month to become infective, whipworms can be controlled with good sanitation. Prompt removal and proper disposal of feces is critical. Whipworms are susceptible to drying; therefore, keeping the dog in an environment that is clean and dry reduces the risk of infection considerably. For this reason, kenneled dogs should be maintained on concrete slabs, and never on dirt. A variety of medications—including some monthly drugs that prevent infections with other parasites like heartworms—are available for treating whipworm infections. Your veterinarian will choose one that is appropriate for your dog.
Tapeworm
Several types of tapeworms—properly known as cestodes—may infect dogs. Adult tapeworms are segmented worms found in the intestines of dogs. They rarely cause serious disease.
Most urban dogs eat prepared foods and have restricted access to natural prey. These dogs may acquire Dipylidium caninum (the common tapeworm of dogs and cats) from eating fleas. Suburban, rural, and hunting dogs have more access to various small mammals, in addition to raw meat and offal from large mammals. The possibility of exposure to a number of different tapeworm species can be expected in such dogs and typically are Taenia species or Echinococcus granulosus. Other species of tapeworms that may infect dogs include Spirometra mansonoides and Diphyllobothrium and Mesocestoides species.
Signs of infection vary from a failure to digest and absorb food normally, malaise, irritability, variable appetite, and shaggy coat to colic and mild diarrhea. There may be no signs in mild cases. In rare cases, telescoping of the intestine (intussusception), emaciation, and seizures are seen. Diagnosis is based on finding tapeworm segments or eggs in the feces or stuck to the hair around the anus.
Control of tapeworms requires both treatment and prevention. Even confined dogs can contract Dipylidium caninum because it can cycle through fleas. Thus, flea control is the critical preventive step even for indoor dogs. Animals that roam freely usually become reinfected by eating dead or prey animals. Preventing such feeding will limit exposure to other tapeworm species. An accurate diagnosis will enable the veterinarian to provide effective advice on treating the infection and preventing reinfection.
Giardia
Giardiasis (Giardia) is an intestinal infection with the protozoan flagellate parasite Giardia spp. Most infections of veterinary health importance are by G duodenal, a species complex of different genotypes that tend to show host specificity; production animals, companion animals and wildlife can all be infected. In general, the clinical signs of giardiasis are abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, often steatorrhea. Diagnosis is usually by demonstration of cysts or antigens in fecal samples. Treatment regimens are variable and depend on specific indications. Hygiene measures are an essential component of control.
Coccidia
Coccidia are single-celled obligate intracellular protozoan parasites in the class Conoidasida with the phylum Apicomplexa. The main clinical sign of coccidia is diarrhea. It can be identified in fecal samples and antiprotozoal treatment can shorten the length of illness, decrease discharge of oocysts, alleviate clinical signs and reduce likelihood of secondary infections and death.
Deworming
Deworming your dog as a puppy is very important since these parasites can take away from your animals nutritional needs as well as cause diarrhea and blood in the stools. Deworming process should start as early as 4 weeks of age with Strongid. A second Strongid should be given again at 6 weeks of age. If your dog has never been checked for intestinal parasites a stool sample should be taken to your vet and appropriate treatment plan should be administered. Your veterinarian will call you with additional medications to give depending on the types of parasites found in your puppy/dog or cat/kitten. Keeping your animal on heartworm preventative will help avoid your dog from getting re-infected from intestinal parasites. Tapeworm is given to a dog only by flea infestation and with cats as well. Cats will re-infest with tapeworm by another cat from bedding and grooming one another. If you dog or cat has had fleas, please consult your veterinarian on how to rid your animal from Tapeworm.